Diseases of the spine: title and list the symptoms and treatment

Diseases of the spine – a large group of diseases, which affect more than 85% of the population. If half a century ago, back problems have been mainly in the elderly, a sedentary lifestyle and computerization of the society significantly "rejuvenated" back trouble. Let's briefly discuss each pathology separately.

Arthritis of the spine

Arthritis – an autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by lesions of the connective tissue and by involvement of the synovial tissue. The most frequent localization of the disease is in the area of the cervical spine. The danger is that in the early stages of arthritis does not appear and is diagnosed already with multiple lesions of the joints. Women suffer 4 times more often than men.

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Osteoarthritis of the spine

The spondylosis is a degenerative lesion of the intervertebral joints, which leads to disruption of the functions of the vertebral column. The disease affects the iliac, sacral, and rib bones, causing premature wear of cartilage and weakening of the paravertebral muscles and ligaments. Man with osteoarthritis of the spine is suffering from discomfort while driving, he can feel the stiffness and pain when bending.

With the progression of cartilage destruction may occur more serious problems until the disability of the patient.

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis – a chronic systemic disease of the intervertebral joints, where they become inflamed and can totally knit with a complete loss of mobility. The disease can also affect the costal-vertebral and sacroiliac joint. Often ankylosing spondylitis is diagnosed in men aged 20-30 years. Among all rheumatic diseases are ankylosing spondylitis occupies the last position.

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Hernia Shmorlja

Cartilage schmorl's node – specific structural-anatomical changes in vertebrae in which the cartilage tissue is forced into the spongy body, below or above the underlying vertebrae. Hernia Smola entails severe pain in the area of damage, and can only be traced by x-ray examination. Sometimes the disease was congenital, but most often it is acquired back problems that arise due to incorrect posture, after bruises and injuries.

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Dorsopathy

Dorsopathy – not a specific disease but a generic term that includes various degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine and paravertebral connective tissue. Pathological processes of different etiology, but in the initial stages reveal themselves equally periodic pain and discomfort. Moreover, the pain may be localized not only in the back, lower back or the neck, it is not unusual Radiomania in the stomach, upper and lower limbs. Diagnosed dorsopathy every second adult person and if untreated may become chronic.

Sciatica

Inflammation of the sciatic nerve is called href="http://spine.vsebolezni.com/zashhemleniya/vospalenie-sedalishhnogo-nerva.html">sciatica. It occurs because of compression of the spinal roots in the lumbar-sacral spine. Causes of neurological diseases very much so, and it occurs in all people in different ways, ranging from discomfort in the lumbar region and ending pain in my feet.

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Kyphosis

Curvature of the spine with the convexity in anterior-posterior (sagittal) plane is a kyphosis. Place the most frequent localization of the disease is the thoracic spine, but there are also cases of diagnosing lumbar and cervical curvatures. Can be congenital and acquired. The latter is divided into physiological, observed in the normal adult, and pathological, arising as complications of other diseases and vertebral fractures. Treatment will depend on stage of development and causes. Actively developing in the period of intensive growth of the child kyphosis called the disease Chairman Mau.

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Lordosis

Lordosis of the spine is a disease in which the convexity of the vertebral column forward facing and has a view of the arc. The physiological lordosis is formed in the first year of life, beginning at 5-6 months of age (when the child begins to sit). Pathological disease of the spine develop at any age, the reasons for this are the violation of the musculoskeletal and ligaments, obesity; in children, rickets, hip dysplasia or birth defects.

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Disc herniation

Intervertebral hernia is the displacement of the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc, followed by rupture of the fibrous ring and inflammation of spinal nerve roots. Cervical and lumbar are susceptible to the disease the most, but at different curvatures of disc hernia develops in the thoracic spine.

Myositis

Myositis – the defeat of the muscle fibers under the influence of various factors (injuries, infections, autoimmune diseases). A rare disease appears mainly on the neck muscles (60% of cases), followed in frequency of occurrence is the lumbar spine. The main manifestation of myositis – severe muscle weakness that can go into atrophy.

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Tumors of the spine

A pathological tumor of the spine or spinal cord is relatively rare in 10-15% of cases among all malignant tumors of bone tissue. A benign tumour has a capsule and are not able to metastasize, malignant, growing rapidly, spreading to other tissues and dangerous fatal. Almost all other disease of the spine the tumor gives a sharp pain in the back and lower back. That's the danger of tumors – to the last stage of development of a person can treat wrongly assumed the degenerative disc disease or inflammatory disease of the pelvis.

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis – a chronic progressive systemic, metabolic disease that is characterized by impairment of bone structure (increased fragility and decreased bone density). Causes of osteoporosis are manifestations of an imbalance in metabolism and deficiency in calcium. For the patient, even a small injury can cause a fracture. 50% of women and 30% men of advanced age spine is suffering from the disease of osteoporosis.

Osteochondrosis

One of the most common diseases of the spine osteochondrosis – dystrophic lesion of the articular cartilage and the degenerative processes of bone tissue around the cartilage. At the place of deployment, low back pain is divided into cervical, thoracic, lumbar. In the initial stages of the disease are asymptomatic, and are found already at emergence of various complications (narrowing of the spinal canal, sciatica, spondylosis).

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Fracture of the spine

One of the most severe injuries that can occur with the human body – spine fracture. The injury is characterized by the violation of the anatomical integrity of one or more vertebrae and compression of body segments, muscles, blood vessels, and nerve endings. Distinguish compression (compression of the vertebrae) and decompression (stretching of the vertebrae) fractures, both of them are hugethe danger of damage to the spinal cord.

Protrusion

The pathological process in the cervical spine, in which the fibrous ring loses its strength, and the nucleus of the intervertebral disc shifts to the inside of the spine. The emergence of the protrusion contribute to excessive exercise, and many other diseases of the back (injuries, weak muscles and curvature of the spine, scoliosis, low back pain), infectious disease and somatic pathology.

Sciatica

Radiculopathy – compression and inflammatory lesion of spinal roots within the intervertebral openings. In 90% of cases the cause of sciatica is the advanced stage of osteoarthritis, and the other 10% are other back problems (injury, herniation, wear and deformation of the spine and intervertebral discs). Painful symptoms of sciatica, popularly referred to as "shot", can affect the lumbosacral, cervical and thoracic spine. In severe cases there may be numbness, muscle spasms and loss of motor activity.

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Cancer of the spine

If we consider all diseases of the spine, his primary and secondary malignant tumors are the most severe problems. Primary cancer of the spine when the tumor affects the spinal cord directly, is diagnosed relatively rarely. Most metastatic tumors initially develop in other organs are secondary tumors of the spine.

Rapidly progressing back problems cancer nature solve not only the radical method (operation to remove the tumor), may be appointed sessions of chemotherapy.

Scoliosis

Unnatural curvature of the spine to the right or to the left, entailing a deformation of the spine and thorax is called a scoliosis. Usually the disease is acquired in nature, in rare cases is congenital. Pathology is actively developing in the period of intensive growth of the skeleton during childhood and adolescence, as well as a constant tension of the muscles of the back and the uneven distribution of the load on the joints in adults.

Disease klassificeret angle and plane of curvature of the back: cervical-thoracic, thoracic, thoracolumbar, lumbar, and combined scoliosis.

Even with a slight deformation always visible posture, in the development of the pathology occurs rib hump, wedge vertebrae, pelvis warps, there are clips of nerve endings, which prevents the quality work of the nervous system, hindered the normal functioning of internal organs.

Stenosis

Spinal stenosis – a disease that affects the spinal cord of the person. It is characterized by narrowing of the spinal canal and pinched nerve vertebrae. The symptoms of stenosis pronounced: you may experience cramps, pain, numbness in the shoulders, neck, upper and lower extremities, loss of sensation. Most often stenosis is diagnosed in older people or is a complication of osteoarthritis.

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Spondylosis

Spondylosis is called involutional process of wear and aging of the anatomical structures of the spine, which is characterized by overgrowth of bone tissue next to the vertebrae. The disease is asymptomatic or with mild symptoms. During the long-term spondylosis may develop additional disorders of the spine, thereby decreasing the lumen of the spinal canal, injured tendons and nerves, merging vertebrae.

Chondrosis

Chondrosis – pathology of degenerative nature, in which separate areas of cartilage makes up the intervertebral discs, are reborn in the bone. The symptoms of the disease are increasingly observed in people of advanced age, so a very long time the decrease of mobility of the vertebrae connected with irreversible age-related changes. But modern medicine has allowed us to thoroughly examine all the details of the spine and to find ways of combating disease.

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Treatment of diseases of the spine

Diagnosis and treatment of the disease should be under the strict supervision of a specialist. Depending on the nature of the complaints the problem may engage an orthopedic surgeon, traumatologist, endocrinologist, neurologist, rheumatologist, oncologist, manual or simple and family therapist.

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Treatment options for back and spine are many medical drugs and blockade, physiotherapy, massages, physical therapy, chiropractic, osteopathy and surgery.