Vertebral fractures of the lumbar and sacrum symptoms, treatment

Fracture sacral spine most often occurs on the cause of the fall. His specific symptoms – swelling in the affected area, neurological disruption of the pelvic organs. As soon as possible to ensure that the patient bed rest on a hard surface to fix the damaged area of orthopedic devices.

Types of fractures of the sacrum

Depending on how strong the trauma and if there are complications, there are the following types of damages such as fracture in the sacral region:

• Stable fracture of the sacrum without complications – spinal cord is not damaged, the bone has not changed position;
• Unstable fracture of the sacrum with complications – spinal structures are damaged, displaced pieces of bone.

The damage to the vertebrae are also divided depending on the following factors:

• One or more fractures are observed;
• Is the compression fracture;
• Are there fragments of bone;
• If accompanied with fracture dislocations;
• Formed fracture because of trauma or pathological processes.

The degree of fracture of the spine lumbar:

• 1st – the height of the vertebra is decreased, but less than½;
• 2nd – vertebra decreased by½;
• 3rd – vertebrae was less more than½, shifted bone fragments and vertebrae.

Compression

Compression fractures of the lumbar vertebrae – the vertebrae cracked and bent under the applied load. Most people break it the lumbosacral spine. This happens because the lower back and rump very mobile, carry a heavy load.

• See also: Rehabilitation after compression fractures of the spine.

Trauma first creates a crack in the bone structure, then the damaged vertebra under pressure, the bone is compressed. Usually occurs only a single injury, occasionally suffer from neighboring vertebrae. The most dangerous complication is compression of the compression injury of the spinal cord. Despite the fact that the treatment of compression fracture of the spine lumbar is hard, it's still not a bad option of injury.

Offset

Shrapnel damage to the sacral is usually the result of traumatic impact on bent ridge. Collapse of the intervertebral disks, and debris pushed forward towards the spinal canal.

The fragments in fracture of the vertebrae can injure the spinal cord and its surrounding nerves. This often results in irreversible paralysis occurs below the zone of injury, at least – the loss of sensitivity and partial paralysis.

Damage with a dislocation is characterized in that the vertebrae when it changed its position, damaging the joint cartilage. Complications can also become a severing of the spinal cord and surrounding nerves. This dangerous fracture of the sacrum.

• See also: How is the transport in the fracture of the spine?

Conservative treatment

If there was a fracture of the sacrum, the patient is first placed on a hard surface, hold the fixing body and the maximum strengthen the spine. Anaesthesia is given. Conservative methods are assigned if the injury took place without displacement of the bone and spinal canal are not damaged. Main tasks – to stop pain, restore the spine and the health of the patient.

• Continuous rolling mode (used orthopedic devices and bed). Lasts at least a few weeks, maximum a few months;
• Injection blockade of the spine in the sacrum with pain;
• Immobilization of the lumbosacral (with the help of special bandages and supportive devices);
• Analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory;
• Calcium complexes for bone tissue regeneration.

Physiotherapy

The most important place in rehabilitation after there was a fracture of the lumbar spine, is exercises of medical gymnastics. Physical therapy begins in the first days after injury and continue toyears, until the patient fully regains motor activity. Exercise in the first period aims to prevent muscle atrophy, to restore normal breathing, improve metabolism and blood circulation of the damaged area.

• See also: the Treatment of compression fractures of the lumbar spine.

Then slowly and gradually starts the restoration of physiological curves of the spine. The patient re-learn normal movements – turns onto his stomach, gets up on all fours, crawls, then gets up on his knees. After that, approximately six months after the injury, doctors are allowed to get up and try to walk. In a year, if the fracture occurred without complications, the patient can already go for long walks.

Operation

Surgery for fracture of the lumbar spine is required if:

• Pressure tests the spinal cord and nerves;
• The vertebrae are repositioned;
• The patient does not cease to torment severe pain;
• Violated the function of internal organs;
• There are fragments of bone;
• Conservative treatment was found ineffective.

The surgeon removes particles of the spine that cause pressure to the spinal cord and nerves. The objective of this operation is to save the spinal cord from damage. With the help of special devices of metal remaining in the relative integrity of part of the vertebra are fixed in a physiological position.

• See also: How to fix the displacement of the vertebrae.

If necessary, the vertebrae are completely replaced by implants. The possibilities of modern medicine allow to support the spine these implants for the entire life span of the patient.

• See also: Fracture of coccyx, symptoms and treatment.

Vertebroplasty

With the help of this technique, treatment of fracture it is possible to restore the damaged vertebra. Through a needle of metal in the bone introduced a special substance. It enhances bone like cement. Vertebroplasty fast restores of someone who had experienced a fracture.

Kyphoplasty

Using this technology it is possible to return the natural size of the vertebrae and its physiological position. The skin is cut into two areas through them into the damaged vertebra impose a semblance of a balloon that inflates and restores the normal shape and position of the vertebra. Then the formed cavity is injected grout.

• See also: What are spinal injuries?

Rehabilitation after surgery

After surgery sacral region lock orthopedic devices for the period of up to several months. After this, the corset can still be used to reduce the stress of the spine. After surgery, the first days are assigned to the exercise therapy, physiotherapy and massage treatments. They help to prevent muscle atrophy, to prepare the spine to axial loads during walking, provide blood flow to the affected area.

• See also: Crack the spine, how to treat?

Complications

Fracture of the sacrum may face: porigenian the spinal cord, seeemeniem vertebrae, paralica legs inoznacenie intervertebral hernia inpadeniem gynecological organs, narchenemy work pelvic.