Home / Dorsopathy: diseases of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar spine / Anomalies of development of vertebrae cervical, thoracic and ribs, treatment

Anomalies of development of vertebrae cervical, thoracic and ribs, treatment

Anomalies of the vertebrae are relatively rare anomalies in the development of the spine. However, they are often the most dangerous because congenital anomalies of the spine often lead to death. All because of the presence there of the spinal cord, which is responsible for vital body functions.

Anomalies are detected in the second and third trimester of fetus development, in the laying down and the active development of the vertebrae. Some of them can be prevented at the time of pregnancy, mainly by increasing calcium in the diet of the mother, because the need to undergo constant consultation of the obstetrician-gynecologist.

Anomalii razvitiya pozvonkov

Classification of anomalies

Anomalies of the vertebrae klassificeret on the type of change. Isolated changes in the number of vertebrae and in shape. Change the number of the vertebrae include:

  • Occipitalization;
  • The sacralization;
  • Lumbalization;
  • The fusion of the bodies of adjacent vertebrae.

Occipitalization is a fusion of Atlanta with the back of his head. This malformation of the spine does not apply to heavy and only partially restricts the movement of the head up and down. Often it develops side processes of osteochondrosis of the cervical vertebrae 1-2 and circulation problems, however, is compatible with life processes, and does not assume strong threat.

Sacralization is called the fusion 5 lumbar vertebra with the sacrum. The sacrum is a solid bone that connects the spine with the pelvis with the iliac-sacral joints. When attaching a lumbar vertebra it becomes more. Of these malformations of the spine are not lethal, but severely reduce the level of human life, because the limit of its movement in the lumbar.

Globalizatsia is called the reverse process, when the first vertebra of the sacrum is separated from him and becomes mobile, like the the sacral. This somewhat weakens the joint between the iliac bone and the sacrum and increases the mobility of the lower back.

Excessive mobility can lead to damage to blood vessels and the spinal cord by careless lifestyle.

Merge multiple vertebrae are relatively rare compared to globalizatsia and sacralization, however, pose a greater danger on the origin of anomalies in other areas of the body. Often the vertebrae are fused at the wrong angle, resulting in humps and scoliosis. Of these malformations of the spine are often manifested in external malformations that prevent life.

Distinguish changes in shape of the vertebrae:

  • Wedge-shaped move where the vertebral body takes the shape of a wedge with the tip pointing to his bulge. This inevitably leads to the formation of incorrect kyphosis and lordosis, which is revealed in the form of a hump. It interferes with normal motor activity, which prevents the flattened arc. Often this happens at the level of the thoracic vertebrae, where the maximum kyphosis.
  • Spondylolysis is of reduced size of the vertebral body, which leads to a deflection of the spine forward. The spinal cord has the wrong angle, which develops the wrong move lymph of the spinal cord and the surrounding lymph of the lymphatic vessels. In some cases, developing aspandiarova – the absence of a vertebral body, wherein the body of the vertebrae above and below are fused together.

Separately, the scientists considered not imperforate different parts of the vertebra, for example, arc and body. In the case of the splitting of the vertebra on the arc anomaly is called spina bifida. It is often a disorder occurs in different parts of the skin, which leads to loss of the spinal cord. Often these are not compatible with life and leads to death. When not overgrown body, the reverse process, in which the spinal cord bends forward.

Atypical abnormal changes

In addition to this classification, we distinguish many other nekrasovskie cases of anomalies. Most of them do not have a strong danger for humans and happen both because of congenital abnormalities, and genetic predisposition.

Syndrome, Klippel-Feil

Under this name hides the process by which fused between vertebrae. Aroports reduces the length of the spine, which causes severe deformation. The head is lifted upupward and backward, which resembles a proud stance. The growth of hair drops below the neck.

In some cases, the fusion join, not only cervical, but the first few thoracic vertebrae. During strong adhesion, the deformation of the spinal cord, which leads to severe problems in the future. In addition, deformation occurring in the development of blood vessels traumatic brain channel. The pressure due to the reduced length of the arteries increases swelling and possible intracranial injury soft shells.

The nerve roots of the neck are compressed, the hands undergo weakening, loss of sensitivity of the skin of the neck and shoulders. Perhaps the development of paresis. Of these malformations of the spine are detected immediately at birth, but the treatment is only symptomatic, since the process occurs in utero.

Plus cervical rib

This anomaly may not be detected in humans throughout life, as in no way interfere with a person's life. Can be detected by chance, conducting a full body MRI or x-ray of the neck. Growing edge is generally 7 cervical vertebra, rarely 6. They join to the sternum. For this anomaly, is characterized by a more narrow and elongated sternum.

The symptoms are almost absent, in some cases, there is weakness of the upper extremities, the normal circulation of the blood, which is expressed in the presence of excessive sweating. When you compress the carotid arteries can disrupt the blood circulation in the skull to decrease the pressure in the arteries of the face – the skin will turn blue.

redkie anomalii pozvonkov

In a reverse process – disorders of the veins, may occur swelling of the skin of the face and neck. In extreme cases may develop elephantiasis disease severe swelling of the skin accompanied by formation of huge in size tumor of the bags, which are visible externally and interfere with life.

At the same time, the head is much heavier and the muscles are unable to support, which is typical in infants due to suffocation zakidyvaniya head back.

Spina Bifida

These malformations of the spine are the most lethal of all. Pathology of the development of the lumbosacral spine is manifested in utero. Most often affects the lumbar 5 and sacral 1 vertebrae, because conventionally, the anomaly can be attributed to lumbar.

The essence of the disease in the splitting of the arc of the spine in which it either partially or completely absent. This affects surrounding tissue – the muscular layer and fatty tissue, which the cord may fall out of a pouch on the outside.

Allocate 2 types of diseases – closed form and the open. The closed form occurs often asymptomatic and may even be imperceptible to humans until death. Often accompanied by pain of low intensity at the level of the Sacro-lumbar articulation. In the course of the nerve roots can occur nerve disease, pinched dysplasia tissues.

In General, the prognosis for a closed form is the most positive. When you need therapy the disease can be defeated in the early stages after birth. The treatment produced with the help of massage, exercise therapy and physiotherapy, restoring the microcirculation of the blood vessels and improving the development processes of the tissues.

An open breakdown is considered severe, often lethal. In this case, is formed meningomyelocele – pouch of skin devoid of subcutaneous fat, filled with the spinal cord and cerebrospinal fluid. It is a violation of the trophic tissue of the spinal cord, completely destroyed the development of the nerve roots in the area. Dysplasia tissues leads to lack of nuclei, the child loses the ability to move lower limbs.

There is a disturbance in the intestines and the sphincter of the bladder. A noticeable weakness of the muscles of the back, missing sheath of the spinal cord. For treatment it is necessary to conduct diagnostics for the presence of dysplasia of the tissues of the brain. Surgical intervention, this anomaly is not subject to treatment rather is in the nature of supportive and symptomatic.

These anomalies are quite rare and occur on average about 10 per 10,000 children, which is about 0.1%. The development of the anomaly is strongly influenced by the lifestyle of the mother during pregnancy, Smoking, use of narcotic, toxic substances, alcohol, having suffered during pregnancy diseases.

redkie anomalii pozvonochnika

The treatment of anomalies

Treatment of all anomalies is symptomatic. Depending on the severity of the infringement of the nerve root carried out measures to maintain the tone of the nervous tissue. Depends on the presence of motor activity and development of the surrounding tissues. Prescribed massage of damaged areas, and therapeutic exercises aimed at strengthening muscle tissue.

In each case, the treatment has its own individual character. Inmost cases are not associated with spina bifida, treatment is not required. In each of the splittings of the spine the doctors treated separately. It depends on the size of spinal cord injury, the presence of deformations of the adjacent vertebrae and concomitant diseases.

According to statistics, often with deformities of the spine are problems with the development of the brain, heart, lungs. These are signs of a General underdevelopment and not specific manifestations of the anomaly. Among the common defects observed damage to the cerebellum, hydrocephalus of the brain, microcephaly, acranial. Similar diseases incompatible with life.

To prevent defects mothers need to monitor their health throughout the pregnancy. It is essential to renounce Smoking, and alcohol. The medication should be agreed with the doctor and the risk of various anomalies must be justified. Before pregnancy it is necessary to consult the presence of the mother transferred rubellite, absence of Toxoplasma in the blood.

ustranenie anomalij pozvonochnika

Remember that self-medication is in any event rarely leads to positive results, especially in the case of severe diseases that require measured taking medication and therapeutic manipulation. See your doctor and don't wait until the manifestation of complications.